Sapphire Single Crystal Ingot
Detailed Diagram
Overview
Sapphire crystal is a high-quality single crystal grown from high-purity aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) using the Kyropoulos (KY) method or other advanced pulling techniques. The resulting cylindrical or tapered ingot features a smooth, dense surface and minimal internal defects. With outstanding optical, mechanical, and chemical properties, sapphire has become a key material for optoelectronics, semiconductors, and premium consumer electronics.
Key Properties
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Extreme Hardness
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Mohs hardness of 9, second only to diamond.
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Exceptional scratch and wear resistance ensures long service life.
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Excellent Optical Performance
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High transmittance (≥85%) from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths (about 190 nm–5 µm).
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Stable refractive index around 1.76, enabling precise optical imaging and transmission.
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Outstanding Thermal Characteristics
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High melting point of ~2050 °C allows reliable operation in high-temperature environments.
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Good thermal conductivity (≈35 W/m·K at room temperature) supports efficient heat dissipation.
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Superior Chemical Stability
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Resistant to acids, alkalis, salt spray, and most organic solvents.
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Remains chemically inert in vacuum, inert gases, and strong oxidizing or reducing atmospheres.
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Processability and Uniformity
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KY-grown crystals exhibit uniform diameter and low internal stress.
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Can be cut, polished, and coated to customer specifications, with surface roughness as low as Ra ≤ 0.2 nm.
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Typical Applications
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LED & Semiconductor Substrates
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Ideal base for GaN, AlGaN, and other epitaxial materials in high-brightness LEDs, laser diodes, and power devices.
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Stable crystal quality ensures high yield and long device life.
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Optical and Infrared Windows
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Suitable for infrared cameras, LiDAR systems, and aerospace sensor windows.
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Performs reliably in harsh environments such as high pressure, sand, or marine salt spray.
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Consumer Electronics
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Premium watch covers, smartphone camera lens protectors, and fingerprint sensor covers.
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Combines aesthetic clarity with exceptional scratch resistance.
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Industrial & Scientific Equipment
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Precision bearings, wear-resistant nozzles, high-pressure viewports.
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Components for high-power lasers and advanced optical research.
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Standard Specifications (Customizable)
| Parameter | Typical Range / Specification |
|---|---|
| Chemical Purity | ≥99.99% Al₂O₃ |
| Crystal Orientation | C-plane (0001), A-plane, or R-plane |
| Diameter | 2–8 inches or per customer request |
| Length/Thickness | 20–200 mm customizable |
| Optical Transmission | ≥85% (visible–IR range) |
| Flexural Strength | ≥350 MPa |
| Surface Roughness | Ra ≤ 0.2 nm (polished wafers) |
FAQ
Q1. What is a sapphire single crystal made of?
A1. It is composed of high-purity aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) grown into a single crystal structure using the Kyropoulos (KY) method.
Q2. What crystal orientations are available?
A2. Common orientations include C-plane (0001), A-plane, and R-plane. We can customize orientation according to your device requirements.
Q3. What are the typical sizes or diameters you can supply?
A3. Standard diameters range from 2 to 8 inches, with lengths from 20 to 200 mm. Larger or special sizes can be produced on request.
Q4. Can the sapphire be used as a substrate for LED or GaN growth?
A4. Yes. Our KY-grown sapphire ingots have low dislocation density and high thermal stability, making them ideal substrates for GaN-based LEDs, laser diodes, and other semiconductor applications.
Q5. What optical properties does sapphire provide?
A5. Sapphire transmits over 85% of light from about 190 nm in the UV to around 5 µm in the infrared, with a refractive index of roughly 1.76.
About Us
XKH specializes in high-tech development, production, and sales of special optical glass and new crystal materials. Our products serve optical electronics, consumer electronics, and the military. We offer Sapphire optical components, mobile phone lens covers, Ceramics, LT, Silicon Carbide SIC, Quartz, and semiconductor crystal wafers. With skilled expertise and cutting-edge equipment, we excel in non-standard product processing, aiming to be a leading optoelectronic materials high-tech enterprise.
